Having both Medicare and Medicaid

Qualified Medicare Beneficiary (QMB)

Pays: Part A and Part B premiums, plus deductibles, coinsurance and copays.

QMB members cannot legally be billed by a provider for Medicare cost sharing. QMB status also deems them eligible for Extra Help.

Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary (SLMB)

Pays: The Part B premium only.

No help with deductibles or coinsurance. SLMB also deems them eligible for Extra Help.

Qualifying Individual (QI)

Pays: The Part B premium only.

Funded by a yearly block grant, so it is first-come and must be re-applied for every year. Cannot be held alongside full Medicaid.

Qualified Disabled and Working Individual (QDWI)

Pays: The Part A premium only.

For people under 65 who went back to work and lost premium-free Part A. Rare on ordinary calls.

Full-benefit dual versus partial dual

Who this is for: Anyone who has both Medicare and some form of Medicaid help.

Full-benefit duals get the whole state Medicaid package — long-term services, transport, dental and vision where the state covers them — on top of Medicare. Partial duals only get a Medicare Savings Program paying premiums, and sometimes cost sharing.

Worth checking: Callers say 'I have Medicaid' for all of it. Never assume full benefit — the plan you can enrol them in depends on the exact level.

Medicare Savings Programs (QMB, SLMB, QI, QDWI)

Who this is for: People with limited income and assets who need help paying Medicare premiums or cost sharing.

QMB — Qualified Medicare Beneficiary: Part A and Part B premiums, plus deductibles, coinsurance and copays. QMB members cannot legally be billed by a provider for Medicare cost sharing. QMB status also deems them eligible for Extra Help. SLMB — Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary: The Part B premium only. No help with deductibles or coinsurance. SLMB also deems them eligible for Extra Help. QI — Qualifying Individual: The Part B premium only. Funded by a yearly block grant, so it is first-come and must be re-applied for every year. Cannot be held alongside full Medicaid. QDWI — Qualified Disabled and Working Individual: The Part A premium only. For people under 65 who went back to work and lost premium-free Part A. Rare on ordinary calls.

Worth checking: Income and asset limits are set per state and change every year. Give the rule, never a dollar figure, and send them to their state Medicaid office or SHIP to confirm.

Extra Help / Part D Low-Income Subsidy (LIS)

Who this is for: People with limited income who need help with prescription drug costs.

Lowers or removes the Part D premium and deductible and caps copays. Full Medicaid, any Medicare Savings Program, or SSI automatically deems someone eligible — no separate application needed. Everyone else applies through Social Security.

Worth checking: Extra Help is not Medicaid and is not a Medicare Savings Program. Losing Medicaid does not end Extra Help immediately — deemed status usually runs to the end of the calendar year.

Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNP)

Who this is for: People who have both Medicare and Medicaid at the level the plan requires.

A Medicare Advantage plan built around dual members, usually with coordinated Medicaid benefits, a supplemental benefit allowance and care coordination. Some are fully integrated with the state's Medicaid plan.

Worth checking: Each D-SNP names the dual categories it accepts. Enrolling someone whose level does not match gets the enrolment rejected or later disenrolled. Verify status through the state or the carrier's tool, never on the caller's say-so alone.

Deemed eligible

Who this is for: Anyone on full Medicaid, an MSP or SSI.

Automatic Extra Help without applying. The deemed period normally runs through the end of the calendar year, even if the underlying Medicaid ends earlier.

Worth checking: Deeming ends on a calendar schedule, not on the day Medicaid stops. Do not tell a caller their help stopped the moment their Medicaid did.

The dual and LIS election period

Who this is for: People who have, gain, lose or change Medicaid or Extra Help.

Ongoing dual or LIS status allows one plan change per calendar quarter in the first three quarters of the year — January to March, April to June, July to September — and not in the fourth quarter, when the annual election period covers it instead. Gaining, losing or changing that help opens its own separate window of three full months from the change or from the notice, whichever is later.

Worth checking: The quarterly allowance and the change-of-status window are two different things. Do not stack them, and do not use the quarterly one in October, November or December.

Redetermination and losing Medicaid

Who this is for: Every Medicaid member — states recheck eligibility at least once a year.

Nothing changes if the paperwork is returned in time. Missing it is the most common reason coverage stops, and it can often be restored inside the state's reconsideration window.

Worth checking: Loss of Medicaid can push someone out of a D-SNP. Plans give a deeming or grace period first; check the carrier's rule before telling anyone they must move.

Spend-down and share of cost

Who this is for: People whose income sits above their state's Medicaid limit.

In states that offer it, medical bills counted against income can bring someone down to the limit for a set period, after which Medicaid picks up. Some states call it a share of cost.

Worth checking: Not every state offers it, and someone in a spend-down month may be dual one month and not the next. Never enrol on a spend-down month alone.

State variation

Who this is for: Every Medicaid conversation.

Medicaid is run state by state. Income and asset limits, optional benefits, spend-down, D-SNP integration and the renewal process all differ, and figures change each year.

Worth checking: Never quote a national dollar limit. Give the rule, name the state office or SHIP, and keep it as guidance rather than a benefits determination.